外泌体在骨科疾病治疗中的作用
摘要
骨髓间充质干细胞具有较强的旁分泌、抗炎、免疫调节和血管生成潜能。最近的研究表明,骨 髓间充质干细胞通过外泌体实现了多种调节功能。外泌体是一种直径 40-100nm,密度 1.13-1.19g/mL,包含蛋 白质、RNA 和 DNA 的细胞外囊泡。外泌体可以传递生物因子从而改变受体细胞的生化特征,并在细胞通信中 发挥作用。有证据表明,间充质干细胞来源的外泌体具有与间充质干细胞相似的功能,同时具有低免疫原性和 无肿瘤化的优点。外泌体也以从多种来源的细胞中中分离出来,而且具有较高的增殖能力和较低的免疫原性, 已被广泛用于再生医学和骨科疾病的治疗。然而目前人们对外泌体的提取及鉴定的最佳方法仍未达成共识,同 时对于外泌体治疗骨科疾病的机制仍有很大的探索空间。本文旨在对目前外泌体的提取和鉴定方法、目前外泌 体治疗骨科疾病的机制进行综述。参考
[1]Yi Zhang,Jiayao Bi,Jiayi Huang. Exosome:
A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques,
Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications.
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020:15 6917–
6934. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S264498
[2]Yao Huang, Bing He, Lei Wang, Bin Yuan.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellderived exosomes
promote rotator cuff tendon-bone healing by promoting
angiogenesis and regulating M1 macrophages in rats.
Research & Therapy (2020) 11:496 DOI: 10.1186/
s13287-020-02005-x
[3]Xuancheng Zhang,* MD, Zhuochang Cai,
Adipose Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Recover Impaired
Matrix Metabolism of Torn Human Rotator Cuff Tendons
by Maintaining Tissue Homeostasis .The American
Journal of Sports Medicine 2021;49(4):899–908 DOI:
10.1177/0363546521992469
[4]Finosh G Thankam and Devendra K Agrawal.
Hypoxia-driven secretion of extracellular matrix proteins
in the exosomes reflects the asymptomatic pathology of
rotator cuff tendinopathies. Canadian Journal of Physiology
and Pharmacology • 15 August 2020 •DOI: 10.1139/
cjpp-2020-0314
[5]Qi Li, Huilei Yu, Muyang Sun,The tissue
origin effect of extracellular vesicles on cartilage and
bone regeneration.Acta Biomaterialia 125 (2021) 253–
266DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.039
[6]Thomas, B. L., Eldridge, S. E., Nosrati, B.,
Alvarez, M., Thorup, A.-S., Nalesso, G., Caxaria, S.,
Barawi, A., Nicholson, J. G., Perretti, M., GastonMassuet, C., Pitzalis, C., Maloney, A., Moore, A., Jupp,
R., & Dell’Accio, F. (2021). WNT3A-loaded exosomes
enable cartilage repair. J Extracell Vesicles, e12088.
Doi:10.1002/jev2.12088
[7]Jin Y, Xu M, Zhu H, et al. Therapeutic effects of
bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes
on osteoarthritis. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;00:1–14.
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16860
[8]Jian Wang,Xuanxuan Guo,Zhanrong Kang,Lingbin
Qi,Ying Yang,Juan Wang,Jun Xu,and Shane Gao.Roles
of Exosomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treating
OsteoarthritisCELLULAR REPROGRAMMING
Volume 22, Number 3, 2020 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI:
10.1089/cell.2019.0098