外泌体在骨科疾病治疗中的作用
摘要
骨髓间充质干细胞具有较强的旁分泌、抗炎、免疫调节和血管生成潜能。最近的研究表明，骨 髓间充质干细胞通过外泌体实现了多种调节功能。外泌体是一种直径 40-100nm，密度 1.13-1.19g/mL，包含蛋 白质、RNA 和 DNA 的细胞外囊泡。外泌体可以传递生物因子从而改变受体细胞的生化特征，并在细胞通信中 发挥作用。有证据表明，间充质干细胞来源的外泌体具有与间充质干细胞相似的功能，同时具有低免疫原性和 无肿瘤化的优点。外泌体也以从多种来源的细胞中中分离出来，而且具有较高的增殖能力和较低的免疫原性， 已被广泛用于再生医学和骨科疾病的治疗。然而目前人们对外泌体的提取及鉴定的最佳方法仍未达成共识，同 时对于外泌体治疗骨科疾病的机制仍有很大的探索空间。本文旨在对目前外泌体的提取和鉴定方法、目前外泌 体治疗骨科疾病的机制进行综述。参考
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