髌骨骨折的治疗现状及进展
摘要
髌骨是人体最大的籽骨,髌骨与股四头肌腱膜、髌旁腱膜、髌韧带共同构成伸膝装置。髌骨骨 折多由直接暴力或间接暴力引起。根据骨折类型的不同,治疗方法包括保守治疗或手术治疗。对于无移位且伸 膝装置完整的髌骨骨折,可采用非手术治疗的方式。对于伸膝装置功能障碍、关节面台阶大于 2 ~ 3 mm 或骨 折分离大于 4 mm 的髌骨骨折,建议行手术治疗。手术固定的方式包括了张力带固定、螺钉内固定、接骨板内 固定、髌骨切除等方式。其中,张力带技术是髌骨骨折手术治疗中应用最广泛的治疗方法之一。若由于内置入 物引起相关疼痛,骨折愈合后常须取出内固定装置。粉碎性髌骨骨折手术治疗对骨科医师来说是一个治疗的临 床难点。本文旨在综述当前的髌骨骨折的治疗策略,阐述髌骨骨折患者的综合治疗方式。参考
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